Frame structure&Rack structure
Frame structure:
- A spatial structure system formed by connecting several plane frames to each other through tie beams. In this system, each plane frame is a basic load-bearing structure. It can be arranged horizontally or vertically along the house, and has earthquake resistance requirements. It can be arranged in both directions.
- Frame structures are single-story or multi-story buildings composed of foundations, columns, beams, and plates, as well as high-rise buildings composed of frames and shear walls or frames and tubes. The connection between them is fixed or rigidly connected.
Rack structure:
- As the name suggests, it is arranged in rows and rows. It is mainly used in single-story factory buildings. It consists of roof trusses, columns and foundations to form a horizontal plane rack. It is the main load-bearing system of the factory building, and then through longitudinal components such as roof panels, crane beams and supports. Connect the planar racks to form an overall spatial structure.
- The rack structure is mostly a single-story building, and the connections between its columns and foundation, roof trusses, beams and columns are structurally called hinges, which are different from frame structures. In terms of construction, the former is mostly cast-in-place construction, while the latter is mostly prefabricated components and then hoisted and assembled.
| Category | Frame Structure | Rack Structure |
| Beam-column connection method | Rigid Connection | Hinge Joint |
| Mode of action | Transfer bending moment, The concrete is cast-in-place |
Not transmitting bending moment, usually welded. There are also bolted connections |
| Component unit | Foundation, column, beam, slab | Roof trusses (or roof beams), columns and foundations. |
| Advantage | Flexible use of space and easy separation. | The span can exceed 30m. |
| High-rise buildings can only use frame structures. | The transmission of force in the rack structure is clear. Simple construction. Convenient construction. |
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| Scope of application | Multi-story, High-rise buildings |
Large-span Single-story Structure |
| Typical building | High-rise Residential Building Various High-rise Building |
Cinema Industrial Warehouses Aircraft Hangar |
| Typical diagram |
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1. The characteristics of the two are different:
- Characteristics of frame structure:
Flexible space separation, light weight, and material saving. It has the advantage of being able to flexibly match the layout of the building, which is beneficial to the arrangement of building structures that require larger space.
The beam and column components of the frame structure are easy to standardize and finalize, making it easy to assemble an integral structure to shorten the construction period. When a cast-in-situ concrete frame is used, the structural integrity and stiffness are better, and good seismic resistance can be achieved if the design is well handled, and the beams or columns can be cast into various required cross-sectional shapes.
- Characteristics of rack structure:
Houses with a row-frame structure system have low stiffness, high center of gravity, and need to withstand dynamic loads. Therefore, it is necessary to install diagonal supports between columns and horizontal horizontal diagonal supports on the roof part, and wind-resistant columns should be installed on the gables on both sides.
2. The overviews of the two are different:
- Overview of the frame structure:
A frame structure is a structure composed of many beams and columns to bear the entire load of the house. In high-rise civil buildings and multi-story industrial plants, the load-bearing brick walls can no longer meet the requirements of larger loads, so frames are often used as load-bearing structures.
- Overview of the rack structure:
The structure of the row truss refers to the space continuous structure formed by placing a board between the two rows of columns on the bottom and the roof truss on the top.
3. The uses of the two are different:
- Purpose of frame structure:
The frame structure can be designed as a statically determined three-hinge frame or a superstatically determined double-hinge frame or a hingeless frame.
Concrete frame structures are widely used in residences, schools, and office buildings, and concrete beams or slabs are also prestressed as needed to accommodate larger spans.
Frame steel structures are often used in large-span public buildings, multi-story industrial plants and some special-purpose buildings, such as theaters, shopping malls, stadiums, train stations, exhibition halls, shipyards, aircraft hangars, parking lots, light industrial workshops, etc.
- Purpose of rack structure:
Mainly used in single-story factory buildings.
The roof trusses, columns and foundations form a transverse planar frame, which is the main load-bearing system of the factory building. The plane racks are then connected through longitudinal components such as roof panels, crane beams, and supports to form an overall spatial structure.
